Earth's average temperature is increasing continuously to a
dangerous extent. Temperature has risen by 0.5 ± 0.2C. Glaciers
are melting across the globe and the gravity of the situation
can be harnessed from the fact that some glaciers have even
disappeared from some parts of the world. In Polar Regions ice
is melting at an alarming speed. Such melting of ice caps is in
turn affecting the sea level. This may give a push to natural
disasters like floods, droughts, hurricanes etc. Human
activities have attributed greatly towards these adverse
conditions.
Extensive studies conducted by the scientists have proved that
global warming cannot be a result of natural changes only.
Emission of gases, which is a major factor in global warming, is
a result of human activities. According to a report prepared by
a U.S. scientific institute, the increase in surface air
temperature and sea temperature is an outcome of accumulation of
greenhouse gases, which in turn is attributable to inconsiderate
human activities. Figures prove that in the last 1000 years,
temperature of surface of the earth has been recorded as the
warmest in the 20th century. From last 150 years green house
gases are being accumulated in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is
increasing in the atmosphere due to deforestation and fuel
burning. Along with it, emission of other greenhouse gases like
methane, chlorofluorocarbons is also polluting the atmosphere.
The contribution of volcanic gas emissions in global warming is
also a major one. Statistics show that before the year 1750,
volcanoes and solar forces were contributing about 50 percent
towards global warming but in the recent years the effect of
green house gases on temperature variations has risen up to
eight times.
The pattern of global warming is not uniform throughout the
whole world. Due to the changes in the atmosphere some cooling
effect is also seen in the Atlantic and central North Pacific.
Burning of fossil fuels makes the environment polluted by
changing the balance or constitution of aerosols and gases in
the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide has long survival time in the
atmosphere. Development of industrial sector is resulting in
increase in emission of other gases like methane etc. These
greenhouse gases make the surface of the earth warmer by
blocking the radiations of the sun and increasing the
evaporation rate of the surface moisture. The humidity in the
environment is also mounting due to global warming. The threat
of floods is lurking large because of rise in frequency of
rainfalls and snowfalls. Increase in evaporation also raises the
risk of droughts. It may also result in amplifying numerous
kinds of viral infections.
Some scientists do not accept human activities as culprit for
global warming but there are numerous instances from which human
hand in global warming is clearly visible. The process of global
warming and its results are very gradual so the outcome would
not be visible to a large extent to the present generation. But
the consequences of global warming would be very dangerous for
the future generations. The long term accumulated adverse
effects would start coming in limelight. Extreme weather
conditions like heavy rainfalls, humid weather, floods, droughts
would be very devastating.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an
international agreement which was enforced on March 21,1994. Its
main goal is to control the emission of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, which pose a threat to climate system. Kyoto
protocol is an international agreement that has been framed as
an amendment to the UNFCC with the same objective. Recent
estimates make it clear that if this protocol becomes successful
it would greatly help in maintaining the temperature of the
earth. Kyoto Protocol was agreed upon in Kyoto on December 1997
and was enforced on February 2005. All the countries, which have
signed or ratified UNFCC are allowed to sign or ratify Kyoto
Protocol. This agreement has been ratified by 156 countries. The
goal of this agreement is to reduce the collective emission of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases like methane, nitrous
oxide etc. The limits for controlling emissions are different
for different nations like 8% for European Nations, 6% for Japan
etc. The developed countries are directed to provide technology
for attaining knowledge and completing projects concerning
environment, to other countries. Two countries USA and Australia
are not in favour of Kyoto Protocol. Some critics treat this
agreement as a hindrance to industrial growth of the world and
transfer of wealth to not so technologically advanced third
world countries.
Except the oppositon put forth by a few countries, collective
positive steps towards reducing global warming has now become
mandatory for almost whole of the world. As global warming is a
gradual process, efforts of present generation would be fruitful
for future genertions.
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